It is a short six-verse invocation, asking Allah for protection from the evil of shaitan.
Surah Al Falaq surah and surah An Nas are the two surahs that are collectively referred to as Al-Mu'awwidhatayn.
PERIOD OF REVELATION
These surahs were sent down at Makkah in the first instance when opposition to the Prophet Muhammad (sallalaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) had grown very intense. Later, when at Madinah, storms of opposition were raised by the hypocrites, Jews and polytheists, the Prophet was instructed to recite these very Surahs, as has been mentioned in the tradition from Hadrat Uqbah bin Amir.
After this, when magic was worked on him, and his illness grew intense, Angel Jibraeel ('alaihis salaam) came and instructed him by Allah's command to recite these two Surahs.
THEME AND SUBJECT MATTER
Surah Naas ⇨ This surah teaches us to seek Allah's refuge by referring to His three attributes:
1 He is Rabb-un nas, i.e. Sustainer;
2 Malik -in -nas,
i.e Providence and Master of all mankind;
3 He is Ilah-un-nas, i.e. real Deity of all mankind.
Seeking refuge by means of these three attributes means: "I seek refuge with that God, Who being the Sustainer, King and Deity of men, has full power over mankind, can fully protect them and can save them from the evil.
It is a brief five verse invocation, asking Allah for protection from the evil of soothsayers and envious.
Surah Al Falaq surah and surah An Nas are the two surahs that are collectively referred to as Al-Mu'awwidhatayn.
PERIOD OF REVELATION
These surahs were sent down at Makkah in the first instance when opposition to the Prophet Muhammad (sallalaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) had grown very intense. Later, when at Madinah, storms of opposition were raised by the hypocrites, Jews and polytheists, the Prophet was instructed to recite these very Surahs, as has been mentioned in the tradition from Hadrat Uqbah bin Amir.
After this, when magic was worked on him, and his illness grew intense, Angel Jibraeel ('alaihis salaam) came and instructed him by Allah's command to recite these two Surahs.
THEME AND SUBJECT MATTER
Surah Falaq ⇨ This Surah teaches us to seek refuge with the Lord of the dawn, from the evil of everything that He has created, and from the evil of the darkness of night and from the evil of magicians, men and women, and from the evil of the envious people".
(Arabic: سورة الإخلاص, The Fidelity), Al-Ikhlaas means "the purity" or "the refining".
Also known as Sūrat At-Tawhīd (Arabic: سورة التوحيد, Monotheism)
This is the 112th Surah of the Qur'an.
It is a short declaration of tawhid, Allah's absolute oneness, consisting of 4 ayat.
PERIOD OF REVELATION
Traditions show that different people on different occasions had questioned the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) about the essence and nature of the God to Whose service and worship he invited the people, and on every occasion he recited by Allah's command this very Surah in response.
THEME AND SUBJECT MATTER
Those days, the idolatrous polytheists were worshiping gods made of wood, stone, gold, silver and other substances.The gods and goddesses were descended from each other. Each God had wives and children, and all the goddesses had husband and relatives.
A large number of polytheists believed that God assumed human form and there were some people who descended from Him.
Under such conditions when the people were invited to believe in Allah, the One Who has no associate, it was inevitable that questions arose in the minds as to what kind of a God He was.
It is a miracle of Allah that in a few words He briefly answered all the questions and presented such a clear concept of the His Being, without leaving any room for the ascription of any of the human qualities to Him.
(Arabic: سورة لهب) - (meaning 'the father of flame') also called as Surah Al Masad
(Arabic: سورة المسد) -Meaning "a rope of palm fibre"
This is the 111th Surah of the Quran with 5 verses.
PERIOD OF REVELATION
Narrated Ibn Abbas: When the Verse:- 'And warn your tribe of near-kindred(26:214), was revealed, the Prophet (pbuh) ascended the Safa (mountain) and started calling, "O Bani Fihr! O Bani `Adi!" addressing various tribes of Quraysh tribe till they were assembled.
Abu Lahab and other people from Quraish came and the Prophet (pbuh) then said, "Suppose I told you that there is an (enemy) cavalry in the valley intending to attack you, would you believe me?"
They said, "Yes, for we have not found you telling anything other than the truth." He then said, "I am a warner to you in face of a terrific punishment."
Abu Lahab said (to the Prophet) "May your hands perish all this day. Is it for this purpose you have gathered us?" Then it was revealed: "Perish the hands of Abu Lahab, and perish he! His wealth and his children will not profit him...."
THEME
In this Surah, Allah condemns Abu lahab (uncle of prophet Muhammad Pbuh) and his wife Umm Jamil.
In Makkah Abu Lahab was the next door neighbor of the Prophet. Their houses were separated by a wall. Besides him, Hakam bin As (Father of Marwan), Uqbah bin Abi Muait, Adi bin Hamra and Ibn al-Asda il-Hudhali also were his neighbors.
These people did not allow him to have peace even in his own house. Sometimes when He was performing the Prayer, they would place the goat's stomach on him; sometimes when food was being cooked in the courtyard, they would throw filth at the cooking pot.
The Prophet Muhammad salallaahu 'alaihi wasallam would sometimes come out and say: "O Bani Abdi Manaf, what kind of neighborliness is it?"
Abu Lahab's wife, Umm Jamil (Abu Sufyan's sister), had made it a practice to cast thorns at his door in the night so that when he or his children came out of the house at dawn, they should run thorns in the foot.
When the Prophet’s son Qasim ibn Muhammad (died 605) passed away, Abu Lahab came out of his house screaming and dancing. And he says Batara Muhammadun – Muhammed has had his lineage cut off.
On account of these very misdeeds this man was condemned in this Surah by name. And as for his wife, the PALM FIBRE rope in Hellfire shall be twisted around her neck. For she took great pride in wearing an ostentatious necklace.
COMMENTARY
When the Messenger's own uncle was taken to task publicly the people understood that there was no room for preference or partiality in their faith. A non-relative could become a near and dear one if he believed, and a near relation becomes a non-relative if he disbelieved. Thus, there is no place for the ties of blood in religion.
This is the 110th surah of the Qur'an with 3 ayat. An-Nasr translates to English as both "the victory" and "the help or assistance".
Hadrat Abdullah bin Abbas states that this is the last Surah of the Quran to be revealed, i. e. no complete Surah was sent down to the Holy Prophet after it. (Muslim Nasai, Tabarani, Ibn Abi Shaibah, Ibn Marduyah).
This was the last Surah to be revealed, only a few months before the Prophet's death.
Tafsir ibn Kathir quotes a hadith, which states that Muhammad said with reference to this surah:
In truth, the people have entered into the religion of God in crowds and they will also leave it in crowds.
PERIOD OF REVELATION
According to Hadrat Abdullah bin Umar, this Surah was sent down on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage in the middle of the Tashriq Days at Mina, and after it the Holy Prophet rode his she camel and gave his well known Sermon. (Tirmidhi, Bazzar, Baihaqi, Ibn Abi Shaibah, Abd bin Humaid, Abn Yala, Ibn Marduyah).
SUBJECT MATTER
Allah in this Surah had informed His Messenger (upon whom be peace) that when Islam attained complete victory in Arabia and the people started entering Allah's religion in great numbers, it would mean that the mission for which he had been sent to the world, had been fulfilled.
Then, he was enjoined to busy himself in praising and glorifying Allah by Whose bounty he had been able to accomplish such a great task, and should implore Him to forgive whatever failings and frailties he might have shown in the performance of the service.
(Arabic: سورة الكافرون) - Al-Kāfirūn means "The Unbelievers / The Disbelievers."
This is the 109th Surah of the Qur'an.
PERIOD OF REVELATION
According to Hadrat Abdullah bin Abbas, the Quraish chiefs proposed to the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w ; "We shall give you so much of wealth that you will become the richest man of Makkah. We shall give you whichever woman you like in marriage. We are prepared to follow and obey you as our leader, only on the condition that you will not speak ill of our Gods. If you do not agree to this, we present another proposal which is to your as well as to our advantage."
When the Prophet s.a.w asked what it was, they said that if he would worship their gods, "Lat" and "Uzza", for a year, they would worship Allah for the same space of time. Prophet s.a.w said: "Wait awhile; let me see what my Lord commands in this regard."
Thereupon the revelation came down: "Qul ya-ayyuhal- kafirun... "
COMMENTARY
It was revealed in order to exonerate the Muslims from the disbeliever's religion, their rites of worship, and their gods, and to express their total disgust and unconcern with them and to tell them that Islam and kufr (unbelief) had nothing in common and there was no possibility of their being combined and mixed into one entity.
Although it was addressed in the beginning to the disbelieving Quraysh in response to their proposals of compromise, yet it is not confined to them only.
Having made it a part of the Quran, Allah gave the Muslims, the eternal teaching that they should exonerate themselves by word and deed from the creed of kufr wherever and in whatever form it be, and should declare without any reservation that they cannot make any compromise with the disbelievers in the matter of Faith.
(Arabic: سورة الكوثر) (literally means "Abundance / the most abundant good", also the name of a river in Paradise {Jannah})
This is the 108th surah of the Qur'an, and the shortest.
THEME
The enemies of Rasoolullah sallalahu 'alyhi wa sallam thought that
Muhammad (صل الله عليه وسلم) had been completely ruined; he had been cut off from his community, his trade was ruined, his male children who could carry on his name were dead, the message that he was preaching was accepted by only a handful of the people, he was helpless and powerless and he was facing failure and disappointment.
His enemies would rejoice over the thought that there would be no one to remember him after he has gone.
This Surah was therefore sent to console the prophet Muhammad s.a.w ( sallalahu 'alyhi wa sallam)
SUBJECT MATTER
Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala said, “Verily, We have granted you Al-Kawthar.” Kawthar is a beautiful river in paradise, it's banks are gold and silver, it's bed is precious stones and pearls, whiter than snow and sweeter than honey. Reported in Tirmidhi and Ahmed.
Allah has favored you with unbounded good and countless deeds.
This included the matchless moral qualities of the Prophet, the Prophethood, the Quran and his knowledge and wisdom. His message spread throughout the world and alhamdulillah still continues to reach far and wide.
Then, contrary to the polytheistic practice, Allah reminds that your prayer is only for Allah and your sacrifice also is for Him alone.
Finally Allah says, indeed he who hates you, O Muhammad, and he hates what you have come with of guidance, truth, clear proof and manifest light, he is the most cut off, meanest, lowliest person who will not be remembered.
Lessons we learn
Follow the teachings of the beloved Prophet (saw). The only inheritance that he left is not just wealth of property but the Knowledge of Quran and deen.
Allah has blessed us with many bounties which we overlook, so let us learn to be sincerely thankful for everything.
Let us always refresh our intentions that whatever good deed we do (prayer or sacrifice), is only for sake of Allah alone. ( not to show off or for people to praise instead).
Do not cut off yourself from remembrance of Allah by ignoring or neglecting obligatory acts.
